Biological & Agricultural Index Plus, produced by The H.W. Wilson Company, is a bibliographic database that indexes English-language periodicals published in the United States and elsewhere. Periodical coverage includes a wide range of scientific journals, from popular to professional, that pertain to biology and agriculture. About 45 percent of the focus is on agriculture.

The Citation (CITN) consists of the TI, OT, AU, SO, and DE fields.

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AN Accession Number
(a limit field)

The AN field contains a unique 12-digit number that identifies the document.

The AU field identifies the person(s) responsible for the intellectual content of the document.

Author's names can be searched with or without hyphens. When searching without hyphens, type last name followed by first name or first name followed by last name. The order of the words does not matter. Do not type a comma.

When searching an author's name with hyphens, type the last name first and hyphenate all names and initials. Use truncation (*) if your are not sure about spelling.

You can search author names by last name, using the AUT Author Name Index in Browse (Index).

AUT Author Name
(a limit field)

The AUT field identifies the person(s) responsible for for the intellectual content of the document. Use Browse to search for the author by last name in this Author Name index. The AUT field is for searching only; it does not display in the record.

The CA field identifies the association, institution, conference, corporation, or government agency that is the author of a book. You can search any word or phrase in this field.

plant in de
plant-competition in de

The DE field lists the controlled vocabulary terms that describe the document. This field can include personal names, uniform titles, topical terms, organization names, and geographic names.

Use hyphens to focus your search. Use without hyphens to enlarge your search. In the example above, plant in de retrieves records containing any descriptor with the word plant, such as plant competition, plant competition mathematical models, or viruses plant. The search plant-competition in de retrieves just that specific descriptor.

You can search Descriptors using SU Subject index in Browse (Index).

DT Document Type
(a limit field)

corporate-profile in dt
dt=biography

The Document Type field describes the contents of the original document. Use the DT field to limit your search to records of a particular type of document, such as biography or corporate profile. Use hyphens to search for multiple-word document types.

The following is a list of document types:

Autobiography
Bibliography
Biography
Book-Excerpt
Book-Review
Corporate-Profile
Do-it-Yourself-Work
Exhibit
Feature-Article
Interview
Obituary
Product-Evaluation
Recipe
Speech
Symposium

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IS ISSN
(a limit field)

0022-0957 in is
is=0022-0957

The IS field lists the International Standard Serial Number. Include hyphens when searching for an ISSN.

JI Journal Issue
(a limit field)

The JI Journal Issue field lists the issues of journals included in the database. You can search for a specific issue of a journal using the JI Index in the Browse (Index).

JN Journal Name
(a limit field)

The JN Journal Name field lists the names of the journals included in the database. You can search for a specific journal using the JN Index in the Browse (Index).

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LA Language of Article
(a limit field)

The Languauge of Article field lists the language of the original document. When searching, use the full language name. Most articles in this database are in English.

For most records in this database, this field contains the language of the original article. For Book Review records, this field contains the word "undetermined" since this database does not provide the language of the book being reviewed.

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OT Other Titles

The OT field provides additional title access. It may include descriptive words added by indexers to augment the title. You can search any word or phrase in this field.

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PD Physical Description
(a limit field)

The PD field indicates whether illustrative or graphic material appears in the original document. The PD field contains one or more codes that describe the accompanying material.

PEI Peer Reviewed Journal
(a limit field)

The PEI field indicates whether the document is from a peer-reviewed journal. The field contains a y if the journal is peer-reviewed.

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PY Publication Year
(a limit field)

The PY field lists the year in which the document was published. This field is range searchable.

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SO Source

The Source field indicates the bibliographic source of the entry including the journal name, volume number, publication date, and page numbers. You can search for any word or phrase in this field.

If a search operator (OR, AND, NOT, IN, WITH, or NEAR) appears in the title for which you are searching, enclose it within quotes, as shown in the example.

SU Subject
(a limit field)

The SU field lists the controlled vocabulary terms that describe the document. The field can include personal names, topical names, organization names, geographic names, and uniform titles. This field is for browsing subject headings (descriptors) using the SU Subject index in Browse (Index). The SU field does not display in the record. Subject headings display in the DE Descriptor field.

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TI Title

The TI field contains the title of the original document. You can search for any word or phrase in a title.

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UR  URLs

The UR field contains the Uniform Resource Locator for the source document for a record. Use the URL to link electronically to the source document. You cannot search in this field; it is for display only.

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URI URL Indicator
(a limit field)

y in uri
uri=y

The URI field indicates whether the record includes the URL link to the full text of the article. The fiels contains a "y" if a full text link is present.

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UD Update Code
(a limit field)

The UD field indicates the year, month, and day in which the record was added to the database in the format yyyymmdd. You can search for a single date using in or =, as shown above. In addition, you can search for a range of dates using the following operators:

< less than,
such as ud<19940802

> greater than,
such as ud>19940802

<= less than or equal to,
such as ud<=19940802

>= greater than or equal to,
such as ud>=19940802

- within a range,
such as ud=19990801-19990901

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URL2 Web Sites

The URL2 Web Sites field lists the URLs of web sites chosen by the author of the article. These related internet links provide additional information on subjects discussed in the document.

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UT Uniform Title

The UT field contains the standardized title for a work that has appeared under varying titles or in various versions. Uniform titles may appear in book reviews.

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The Citation (CITN) consists of the TI, OT AU, SO, and DE fields. These fields are the default display for this database.

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Journal List

View the most current Journal List.

Limit fields, when combined with other search terms, are particularly useful for focusing or limiting a search. To search a limit field, use the IN or = operators with the field abbreviation, such as speech in dt or dt=speech. Omitting the field label retrieves information from free text (non-limit) fields only.

For limit fields containing numeric data, you can also use other special operators:

= equal to,
such as py=1990

< less than,
such as py<1991

> greater than,
such as py>1989

<= less than or equal to,
such as py<=1990

>= greater than or equal to,
such as py>=1988

- within a range,
such as py=1988-1990

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Sample Searches

Below are several examples of the types of searches you can use to retrieve information from this database.

Authors' names appear in the Personal Author (AU) or Corporate Author (CA) fields.

To see all personal authors with the same last name or to see variations of an author's name, use the Browse (Index). You can search for authors' names using the AUT Author Name index in Browse (Index). For example, to look for articles by John M. Kennedy:

1. Go to Browse (Index).
2. Select the AUT Author Name index.
3.Type kennedy:.

Searching Using Descriptors

The Descriptors (DE) field lists the controlled vocabulary terms that describe the document. This field can include personal names, uniform titles, topical terms, organization names, and geographic names.

You can search in the DE field with or without hyphens. Searching a single term (for example, pollution in de) retrieves records containing any descriptor with the word pollution, such as indoor air pollution, marine pollution, or air pollution detection and monitoring. The search air-pollution-control in de retrieves just that specific descriptor.

With hyphens, the terms must be an exact match in the Descriptor. Search for scientists- if you want only those records indexed with the single descriptor scientists.

You can search for Descriptors using the SU Subject index in Browse (Index).

Searching with truncation lets you retrieve records containing variations of your term. For example, let's search for records about energy conservation.

1. First conduct a search for the term conserv*. The asterisk (truncation symbol) searches for all terms beginning with the root conserv, such as conserve, conservation, and so on.

2. Next, search for and energy. Beginning a search statement with an operator (AND) automatically combines the results with your previous search statement.

Certain words of little intrinsic meaning appear too frequently to be useful in searching text. Information systems call these "stopwords"; you will not be able to search for the following words alone in the database. They can be included within a phrase, but they will be ignored:

an
and
are
for
from
in
of
or
that
the
was
were
which
with

Beginning a search request with one of the operators (AND, NOT, OR, WITH, NEAR, IN) automatically combines that request with the previous one.

For instance, plant followed by and protein is the same as plant and protein. Similarly, plant followed by in ti is the same as plant in ti.

The truncation symbol (*) serves as a substitute for any string of zero or more characters. The symbol must be used at the end of your search term. Truncating a term retrieves all variants of that term, including cognates in foreign languages. This is useful if you would like to retrieve records that contain other forms of your term.

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